Synthesizing novel biodegradable hybrid hydrogels for sustainable agriculture

Abstract

Hydrogels, known for their ability to retain large amounts of water, have emerged as a promising solution for improving soil moisture retention and reducing irrigation needs. However, synthetic hydrogels often present environmental and economic drawbacks due to their high cost and non-biodegradable nature. This study aims to address these challenges by developing environmentally friendly hybrid hydrogels using organic waste materials, specifically coffee husks, cross-linked with ethylenediamine, maleic acid, Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA), and borax. The hydrogels were synthesized using a simple chemical process, and their physical properties were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The swelling properties of the hydrogels were evaluated in the laboratory using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, with the hydrogels achieving a water absorption capacity of up to 2000% of their weight. Additionally, the hydrogels' water retention capacity was simulated in real time using the predictor, demonstrating their effectiveness in real-world agricultural conditions. Machine learning algorithms were also employed to predict the water retention capacity of the hydrogels, achieving a high level of accuracy. Biodegradability tests showed that the hydrogels degrade efficiently, offering an eco-friendly alternative to traditional synthetic materials. The findings of this study highlight the potential of these hybrid hydrogels as a sustainable solution for enhancing water management and improving agricultural productivity in water-scarce regions, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas